以Docker的網絡管理，容器的IP設置為基礎知識實現Nginx負載均衡
查看所有docker網絡
docker network ls
/*
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
b832b168ca9a bridge bridge local
373be82d3a6a composetest_default bridge local
a360425082c4 host host local
154f600f0e90 none null local
*/
// composetest_default 是上一篇介紹Compose時，docker-compose.yml文件所在的目錄名，
// 所以，用docker-compose創建的容器會默認創建一個以目錄名為網絡名的網絡，并且是dridge（橋接）類型
指定容器IP地址
官網文檔地址：https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#ipv4_address-ipv6_address
繼續編寫上一篇《12.使用Docker Compose容器編排工具》文章中的docker-compose.yml
version: "3"
services:
web1:
container_name: web1
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8080:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: 192.169.0.3
web2:
container_name: web2
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8081:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: 192.169.0.2
networks:
nginx-lsb:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
使用docker-compose啟動容器
查看容器是否啟動，并確認是否創建了網絡 nginx-lsb
// 可以查看當前docker-compose.yml配置的容器組里的容器狀態
docker-compose ps
docker network ls
/*
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
b832b168ca9a bridge bridge local
373be82d3a6a composetest_default bridge local
de6f5b8df1c8 composetest_nginx-lsb bridge local
a360425082c4 host host local
154f600f0e90 none null local
*/
// 創建了nginx-lsb網絡，命名是容器組項目的 文件名開頭_網絡名
查看網絡 nginx-lsb的詳情
docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb
// 詳情里面可以看到使用這個網絡的每個容器的ip
如：
/*
...
"Containers": {
"039aa860ef04f20a7566fdc943fb4398a61d2ad6dd3e373b17c86ac778af89e3": {
"Name": "web2",
"EndpointID": "1bc206661179e65999015f132c2889d3d4365b8d42b8a89cf9c260016fedd5ee",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:02",
"IPv4Address": "192.169.0.2/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
},
"437ad7a07da8e46c0abaf845c4b08425338009fbe972bde69478cf47c75c315b": {
"Name": "web1",
"EndpointID": "5a36e602a5364ee9ad06e9816d09e3966d56ebf06b9394ebc25b8bcee9546607",
"MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:03",
"IPv4Address": "192.169.0.3/16",
"IPv6Address": ""
}
},
...
*/
使用 env_file環境文件：
簡單可以理解為：在docker-compose.yml中定義變量，引用在外部.env文件中進行變量定義
官方文檔地址：https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#env_file
// 還是在composetest目錄中定義個 .env文件，用來存放變量
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3
// 修改docker-compose.yml文件，加入變量定義
version: "3"
services:
web1:
container_name: web1
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8080:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
web2:
container_name: web2
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8081:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
nginx-lsb:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
重新啟動composetest項目，并查看網絡詳情，確認容器ip是否設置成功
// 重新啟動composetest項目
docker-compose up -d
// 查看網絡詳情
docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb
在composetest項目中添加一臺nginx服務器作為負載均衡服務器
// 在.env文件里添加一個變量 nginx_lsb
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3
nginx_lsb=192.169.0.100
// 修改docker-compose.yml文件，加入變量定義
version: "3"
services:
nginx-lsb:
container_name: nginx-lsb
image: "centos:nginx"
ports:
- "8000:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${nginx_lsb}
web1:
container_name: web1
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8080:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
web2:
container_name: web2
image: "centos:httpd"
ports:
- "8081:80"
privileged: true
volumes:
- "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
networks:
nginx-lsb:
ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
nginx-lsb:
driver: bridge
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
// 重新啟動composetest項目
docker-compose up -d
修改nginx.conf配置文件，配置負載均衡
upstream mydocker {
server 192.169.0.2;
server 192.169.0.3;
}
server {
listen 80；
server_name mydocker;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://mydocker;
}
}
重新啟動nginx-lsb，加載配置文件
docker-composer restart nginx-lsb
訪問 http://服務器IP地址:8000，測試服務器負載均衡！
注意：上一篇已經在兩臺httpd服務器上放置了不同的web文件
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
